The continuous operation of underground mines, due to limited underground working space and poor working conditions, is not as mature as semi-continuous mining in open pit mining. According to the examples of individual continuous transports reported abroad, as well as recent research trends, in the continuous operation of underground mines, the issues worth studying are:
1. secondary crusher with mobile crushers. It is difficult to make the collapse ore block fully meet the requirements of continuous transport aircraft, so some research units are developing mobile crushers suitable for use in continuous transport equipment systems. The crusher is required to have a small outer shape, a large block size and a crushing ratio, and a large capacity for processing ore, and can be installed between the loader and the continuous machine. The secondary crushing of the large block is solved in the mining roadway of the stope. The secondary crushing without explosive blasting can improve the working conditions of the mining and improve the pure working time. The disadvantage is that the chamber in which the continuous transport equipment is installed in the bottom structure is large, the equipment in the continuous transport system is increased, and it is not easy to use when there are many points in the stope. Therefore, there is a view that the mobile crusher is not used, the specification of the continuous transport equipment is increased, and the large ore is transported to the grid of the shaft discharge port for secondary crushing, and the mobile crusher is not recommended.
2. Development of continuous mining equipment. The continuous mining equipment under study has a shock shovel loader. The vibration of the bucket can reduce the resistance inserted into the pile during the shovel loading, increase the depth of the shovel, the ore passes through the transfer machine to the mobile crusher, and then Continuously transport the equipment. The advantage of this type of mining equipment is that the structure of the bottom of the stope is simple and the equipment is self-contained. The disadvantage is that the fluidity of the ore-bearing rock cannot be improved, and the ore-mining area of ​​a mining roadway is small.
Another continuous ore-mining equipment is a vibrating miner, and its advantages and disadvantages are exactly the opposite of the former. At present, we are studying the series of vibrating miners used in the stope to standardize and standardize them.
3. Continuously transport equipment. The continuous transport equipment used in the stope is temporary, requiring installation and demolition is convenient, and more points are subject to mine, which can meet the requirements of varying ore blocks. At present, trials are being developed: vibrating conveyors, belt conveyors and chain conveyors. The advantages of the vibrating conveyor are: Easy installation and demolition. The parameters can be adjusted to adapt to changes in the ore block size, and the length and shortening of the transport distance can be easily solved. The disadvantage is that a drive unit may carry a limited distance, as reported, up to 90m. The advantages and disadvantages of the belt conveyor are the opposite.
Chain-plate conveyors cannot accommodate hard, hard-wearing and unevenly-sized ores, and can only be used for weak ores such as coal . Therefore, the development of belt conveyors and vibrating conveyors has been emphasized in foreign countries. Only the loader is used for short-distance transfer (for example, about 10~15m ), and the chain conveyor is used.
4. Ore block control. Controlling the collapse of the ore block and minimizing the unacceptable bulk yield is desirable for continuous operation. In the current mechanized underground mining, the ore collapses with natural caving and deep hole blasting to achieve a large amount of collapse, meeting the requirements of continuous transportation.
The control of ore blockage in natural caving depends on the speed of the bottoming, the area of ​​the bottoming, the degree and mode of cutting, and the appropriate rate of ore-mining and ore-mining. In order to meet the requirements of ore caving, it is possible to obtain an ideal ore block and block composition. Therefore, applying the achievements of rock mechanics and electronic computer technology to study the natural avalanche control ore block is the subject of current research in the mining industry.
The ore block is controlled in a large number of deep blasting. At present, the cost of rock drilling, blasting, mining, transportation and primary crushing (downhole crushing and coarse crushing of the plant) is the minimum cost. The parameters, which determine the reasonable value of the agglomerated ore blockage, are discussed above.
5. Mining law programs and equipment. Whether it is natural caving, deep hole blasting, reasonable mining method and its components, precision cutting system, sequence, and correspondingly efficient, highly automated mining equipment, it is guaranteed to achieve excellent continuous transportation. An important factor in the effect.
1. secondary crusher with mobile crushers. It is difficult to make the collapse ore block fully meet the requirements of continuous transport aircraft, so some research units are developing mobile crushers suitable for use in continuous transport equipment systems. The crusher is required to have a small outer shape, a large block size and a crushing ratio, and a large capacity for processing ore, and can be installed between the loader and the continuous machine. The secondary crushing of the large block is solved in the mining roadway of the stope. The secondary crushing without explosive blasting can improve the working conditions of the mining and improve the pure working time. The disadvantage is that the chamber in which the continuous transport equipment is installed in the bottom structure is large, the equipment in the continuous transport system is increased, and it is not easy to use when there are many points in the stope. Therefore, there is a view that the mobile crusher is not used, the specification of the continuous transport equipment is increased, and the large ore is transported to the grid of the shaft discharge port for secondary crushing, and the mobile crusher is not recommended.
2. Development of continuous mining equipment. The continuous mining equipment under study has a shock shovel loader. The vibration of the bucket can reduce the resistance inserted into the pile during the shovel loading, increase the depth of the shovel, the ore passes through the transfer machine to the mobile crusher, and then Continuously transport the equipment. The advantage of this type of mining equipment is that the structure of the bottom of the stope is simple and the equipment is self-contained. The disadvantage is that the fluidity of the ore-bearing rock cannot be improved, and the ore-mining area of ​​a mining roadway is small.
Another continuous ore-mining equipment is a vibrating miner, and its advantages and disadvantages are exactly the opposite of the former. At present, we are studying the series of vibrating miners used in the stope to standardize and standardize them.
3. Continuously transport equipment. The continuous transport equipment used in the stope is temporary, requiring installation and demolition is convenient, and more points are subject to mine, which can meet the requirements of varying ore blocks. At present, trials are being developed: vibrating conveyors, belt conveyors and chain conveyors. The advantages of the vibrating conveyor are: Easy installation and demolition. The parameters can be adjusted to adapt to changes in the ore block size, and the length and shortening of the transport distance can be easily solved. The disadvantage is that a drive unit may carry a limited distance, as reported, up to 90m. The advantages and disadvantages of the belt conveyor are the opposite.
Chain-plate conveyors cannot accommodate hard, hard-wearing and unevenly-sized ores, and can only be used for weak ores such as coal . Therefore, the development of belt conveyors and vibrating conveyors has been emphasized in foreign countries. Only the loader is used for short-distance transfer (for example, about 10~15m ), and the chain conveyor is used.
4. Ore block control. Controlling the collapse of the ore block and minimizing the unacceptable bulk yield is desirable for continuous operation. In the current mechanized underground mining, the ore collapses with natural caving and deep hole blasting to achieve a large amount of collapse, meeting the requirements of continuous transportation.
The control of ore blockage in natural caving depends on the speed of the bottoming, the area of ​​the bottoming, the degree and mode of cutting, and the appropriate rate of ore-mining and ore-mining. In order to meet the requirements of ore caving, it is possible to obtain an ideal ore block and block composition. Therefore, applying the achievements of rock mechanics and electronic computer technology to study the natural avalanche control ore block is the subject of current research in the mining industry.
The ore block is controlled in a large number of deep blasting. At present, the cost of rock drilling, blasting, mining, transportation and primary crushing (downhole crushing and coarse crushing of the plant) is the minimum cost. The parameters, which determine the reasonable value of the agglomerated ore blockage, are discussed above.
5. Mining law programs and equipment. Whether it is natural caving, deep hole blasting, reasonable mining method and its components, precision cutting system, sequence, and correspondingly efficient, highly automated mining equipment, it is guaranteed to achieve excellent continuous transportation. An important factor in the effect.
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