糸蔌Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. (518000) Zou Xiaozhao, from all kinds of CNC machine tools exhibited at the domestic machine tool exhibition in recent years, the CNC system is still dominated by foreign products. The largest number of configurations is still Fanuc. As we all know, Fanuc is the main manufacturer of CNC system in Sakamoto. It not only develops many popular CNC products, but also is involved in FA, economical machining centers and industrial robot manufacturing. If readers go to Japan, they will be able to see many Fanuc products in the new Tokyo International Airport (Narita Airport) building. Fanuc proposed four years ago to achieve a 50% share of all its products in the international market, but hopes so far. The second place in China's CNC market is Siemens AG. In addition to these two large companies, other common CNC products such as Mitsubishi, Fagor, Omori, Heidenhain, Daxie, AB, NUM and so on.
From the structure of the CNC system: early products (before 1970) were connected to the logic CNC system with low reliability. In the mid-1970s, the microprocessor numerical control system was developed, and the program in the memory was used to realize the numerical control function, which was flexible and reliable. In the numerical control system developed in the mid-to-late 1980s, the main CPU has been replaced by 32 bits for 16 bits. At the time, the latest Fanuc15 and Sinumerik880 had adopted 64-bit CPU super-large chess integrated chips, which effectively improved the control accuracy and operation speed. . By the end of the 1980s, CNC systems had gradually formed an open architecture. Machine tool manufacturers could add software and hardware to form their own products on the open system platform, such as inserting PC motherboards that mainly operate non-real-time control into the original system, or Insert the motion control board into the PC slot for real-time control.
In the past 20 years, in order to improve the processing efficiency, machine tool manufacturers are working on the high speed of cutting machine tools. For example, at various machine tool exhibitions, almost all of the user-oriented spindle speeds reach 10,000 to 20,000 r/min. The machining center and various materials often see reports on the development of spindle speeds of 100,000 to 250,000 r/min. Correspondingly, the cutting feed rate of each axis of the machine tool has also reached the level of SO-UOm/min. In order to withstand the additional inertial force brought by the idle cutting to the machine tool, the machine components have undergone various changes in the material or structural design to maintain the accuracy of the machine tool and further enhance its strength and rigidity.
Similarly, the gradual idling of the cutting machine and the accuracy of the boring machine continue to bring various demands to the CNC system. In order to make the machining trajectory as close as possible to the precision of the workpiece, the numerical control system should have a certain resolution, a pulse equivalent as small as possible, a short sampling time and an interpolation period. In order to shorten the processing time for a single program, the numerical control device has been equipped with considerable flexibility, and it is convenient to insert nodes into split curves and the like. The numerical control system has been required to compensate for errors such as rail error, lead lead error, backlash between table and motor motion, flexural deformation caused by machine force, and thermal deformation. After saving the machine's speed, acceleration/deceleration, feed rate, accuracy and other performance parameters and knowing the machining requirements of the workpiece, the CNC system can realize the addition and subtraction of pre-interpolation, feedforward control, accurate vector ft compensation, and The best corner deceleration and other functions, so that the machine can process the processing program and transmit data under the given processing path under the optimal performance conditions, generate a smooth curve of micro-segmentation, and realize a high-precision corridor. Control for high speed machining and give the user the most satisfactory workpiece.
In addition to displaying the workpiece machining program number (used to identify the machining program being executed), the block number (reflecting the processing contents and the program operation), the current interpolation method (G code), the feed rate and Spindle speed (both command value and actual value), coordinate position (absolute unit of measurement), load on the spindle and feed axis, and time (including current time, total start-up time and cutting time), etc., in order to calculate a reasonable For speed and acceleration/speed, the system should be able to complete multiple blocks before execution and have the ability to recalculate the pre-process block before the machining conditions change. The system should be able to analyze factors such as the knives, speed and acceleration curves, and tool tip vectors. The purpose of analyzing the pass vector is to automatically adjust the command speed and acceleration, and modify the pass speed in time according to the tool load.
The development of the equipment machinery industry will also promote the corresponding development of CNC and other automation technologies.
Japan's Fanuc company's distribution of CNC systems in China, FO, F10/11/12, F15, F16, F18 and other series, F0 series of derivative products.
These varieties are suitable for a variety of machine tools. For example, the 16MSCNC system is mainly characterized by the ability to control 16-axis linkage. Due to the strong function of the control system and the absolute consistency of the computer supporting system, it can be used in tool grinding machines for sharpening and high-quality sharpening and re-grinding of precision and complex shapes.
The 16i/18i series (functional type) and the 160i/180i series (PC integrated type) are available in 8 models, both for 8-axis control or 6-axis control machining centers and CNC lathes. This type of system is characterized by ultra-small and ultra-thin type. In addition, the 16i/18i series also has the following features: 16i CNC system continuously performs the actual feed that can be achieved by feeding the three-dimensional ç¨‹åº block of lmm The FamiC16i system with speed and close to 100m/min adopts the premise and nonlinear adaptive control technology. When machining 0200mm cylinder (feeding amount is 1.8m/min), the full circle machining error is reduced from 0.5mm to 0.003mm. Fanucl6i/ Similar to the Siemens 840D CNC system, the 18i adds a computer (MMC) for data management and a shared peripheral between the two to realize CNC/PC-based. The CNC system is equipped with a hard disk and a floppy disk drive of a PC, an operating system such as Windows98, WindowsNT, and a language such as Visual C++ and ViaualBasic to form an open CNC real-time network to realize high-speed data transmission between PC-NC.
The electronic control part reduces the wiring, and the serialized busbar is transmitted between the numerical control part and the servo driver using 50Mbps idle speed information. Only use the "root cable" between the two. The small ç¾I/O module is used to control the VO signal of the machine tool, which reduces the cable of the electronic control part by 2/3. With the “online screen functionâ€, the 16i/18i series can become the end of Ethernet (ETHERNET). The user can freely transfer the processing shape, manufacturing documents, processing parameters and programs from the host computer, and can also transfer the machining status of the CNC machine tool to the computer for processing management and improve production efficiency. The 160i/180i system can also be combined with IBMPC-compatible personal computer functions and CNC printed circuit boards to form an open CNC system. Since both systems use a memory card and a data machine to simplify the operation, the user can make full use of the PC and the graphics, network functions and other resources. In the general system such as the Windws95 operating system that can be used, there are also conversational automatic programming functions (SUPE CAP and SYMBOLICCAP, etc.) and special software such as running the PMC ladder editing suite software.
The 15i series is a product launched by Fanuc's branch in the United States. It is a new version based on the 15B series. It can control 24-axis simultaneous processing and is very popular among users. Because it is equipped with a powerful processor, the control accuracy is high and the machining program control function is strong. Therefore, it is used in idle speed, high-precision CNC iron bed to process complex shapes of 航空 precision aviation industrial parts.
A considerable part of the domestic CNC machine tools adopts the Fanuc0i-A numerical control system. The system can pre-read 12 machining blocks and can perform the deceleration calculation before interpolation to realize the cutting speed acceleration and deceleration control, thereby reducing the corner of the workpiece shape or small. Servo tracking error of radius arc. The iA system can specify straight line inclination, arc and chamfer according to the paper size to achieve direct drawing size programming. The spindle control loop is controlled by the closed loop of the spindle, the rotation of the spindle motor and the feed of the tapping shaft (Z-axis) are synchronized, and the rigid tapping and retracting function is also provided. When a power failure occurs, the tool can be quickly retracted. With built-in PMC-SA3, the basic instruction execution time is 0.15/, and up to 16 000 steps can be programmed. The system displays the simulated tool path before machining and displays the tool path in real time during machining. The system is configured with Flash memory, which can be used to modify PMC programs and macro programs. The numerical control system is connected to the industrial PC through the high-speed serial bus (HSSB). The PC can display or set various data of the CNC, and the serial bus uses the optical cable to realize high-speed data transmission. The servo control data such as position error, position command pulse, torque command, etc. can be displayed on the display in a waveform. The servo waveform can be adjusted by the waveform shown, and the fault can be easily found. Various states in the system operation are recorded in the memory, and many data of the system such as parameters, processing programs, etc. can be stored in the memory card of the PCMCIA.
From the numerical control device provided by Fanuc, the 15i-MA, which is the most advanced product introduced by the 15i-MA in recent years, is suitable for the configuration of idle speed precision cutting machine tools for the aircraft industry and the mold processing industry. The nano-level has expanded the functions of the 5-axis machine tool, so it can be applied to various machine tools such as the spindle rotary type, the table rotary type, and the spindle/table rotation. The 15i-MA controls the trajectory of the tool tip while performing three-dimensional compensation.
0-D series, including 0 for controlling small lathes for small machining centers and CNC milling machines, 0-MD.0-TD with tool shape offset, tool wear offset, tool radius compensation, direct drawing size programming, constant Surface speed control and repetitive cycle function for compound turning. 0-MD installs the programmable machine controller (PMC), and uses the Ladder language to program the control sequence into the program to simplify the high-power circuit on the machine side. The rigid tapping function of the 0-MD not only speeds the spindle. It can also be position controlled so that the movement of the spindle is synchronized with the Z axis.
Famic's intelligent digital control servo system includes P series servo amplifier block and a, C series AC spindle motor, C, P series AC servo motor. The AC spindle motor has a series (9 varieties), aC series (7 varieties), and aP series (10 varieties); AC servo motors have series (12 varieties), aC series (4 varieties), and å© series. (4 varieties). The servo system uses high-speed response vector control to effectively reduce the wheel offset of small workpieces. The system has a PowerMate manager function that connects the control units of the P-Series servo motors via I/OLink.
(Equipment Machinery) Table 1 Status of several machine tool products using numerical control devices. No. Manufacturers Machine tool characteristics CNC device configuration Beijing Electromechanical Research R is applicable to industries such as military, aviation, electric power, locomotive, 5tt linkage blade processing die, etc. The mobile CNC pit and the Ecodrivcr stream are succumbed to the word.
The central structure, the A axis is the workpiece rotation axis is the tool rotation axis (the soil MTC200 system is based on the general PC based on WindowsNT4.0 as the operating platform, the electrical part is controlled by the system, the move block, the I/O device And the operation panel is composed, and is connected by a light-closed closed loop, and transmitted by the Serm protocol nickname.
TNA400M å¦ type CNC lathe Dalian Dykes machine tool and 40a slant bed, spindle speed range is 50400r/min, with absolute position measuring system pit, equipped with ATC optical tool setting instrument, this lathe can be equipped with C axis Become a turning center.
Japan's San Francisco and the Mddu65S based on the joint development of the German group Tnub public and joint control pit, using 64-bit RISC, open architecture and DOS format compatible program and parameter format, with a variety of system self-diagnosis Features.
Chess block design, X, Z two-axis linkage control, X-axis stroke 200mm, Z-axis stroke 460mm, main sleeve speed (stepless 12-bit pleats are 0.03mm / 0.032mm, repeat positioning accuracy for Germany Siemens 802S The economic control system K consists of an integrated surface CK6136 economical CNC lathe Haiming precision control machine tool board, an operation panel, a loss control unit and a PLC input/output interface, and is equipped with the male stepper drive. And stepper motor, system can set bar anti-meat compensation, screw 钜 error replenishment, tool compensation, two feed axis pulse monitoring and spindle monitoring YK51203H3 axis linkage defeat control gear machine Tianjin First Machine Tool Plant Suitable for aerospace, automotive, skimming machines and machine tools, etc. The maximum machining diameter is 0250mm (external teeth > 0l2Omm + tool diameter (inner diameter), the maximum number of machining is three in Japan)! 50M CNC system, X-axis (radial The feed), the C axis (workpiece rotation) and the A axis (the rotation of the loading and unloading mechanism) are linked, wherein the X axis and the A axis are moved by the AC servo motor and are not linked.
6mm, the number of strokes of the pinion cutter is 250― YK5612ffl defeated gear gear shaping machine (the price is the foreign similar products of the Yangtze River Machine Tool Plant is suitable for processing the AC ratio gear (non-gear) and the center distance non-gear X axis (radial Jin (), Y-axis (tangential feed), C-phase (workpiece K-turn) 3-axis linkage Huazhong Ia CNC system, its standard industrial computer is 486CPU, 8MB memory, 2MB electronic disk, 3.5" soft. Use 115 -110 stream servo unit and AC synchronous motor H2789 defeated crankshaft spindle grinding machine (price is RMB 10,000) Shanghai Machine Tool Works Co., Ltd. workpiece maximum diameter is ¢3201111 maximum workpiece installation length is 750mm The turret grinding head can be equipped with up to 6 independent grinding heads. 18 different CNC systems are installed with NUM1050 and 6-axis linkage, among which X (workpiece longitudinal movement), Y (table vertical movement), Z (grinding head) Horizontal feed), B (worker turn) is the basic axis; Att is the grinding head æ Šæ•å²ˆ C axis for the workpiece indexing sleeve, A, C axis for the optional grinding wheel. Machine tool X, Y and Z挨 is divided into lOm/mu grinding head main sleeve turning time is 2 pairs of maintenance grinding M can be used for linear vibration, sine wave twirling machine can be equipped with camera workpiece recognition system, to achieve 24h continuous work MK61109 CNC Wuhan machine tool factory broach sharpening The machine tool is used for 30-machine grinding of 118:73, flat 1T è·‹åŽä¸i numerical control system, realizes 43 linkage, such as knife, knife, and z), z (column lifting), w (other hole outside the grinding head) The knife machine tools are driven by the servo motor through the ball screw, and the sub-supply rate is 0.001mm. The Siemens company is the main manufacturer of CNC systems in Europe. German products generally contain the unique and unyielding personality characteristics of the Germanic people. Mainly using its Simimerik3 / language. In 2001, Siemens introduced 840D1 to the Chinese market, which includes industrial PC (using Pentium n processor), motion control interface MCI board (including PLC hardware), system software, production panel, power supply block, 1/power Blocks and motors. The operating system of the industrial PC adopts Windows NT version 4.0, and has a modified operating system code, which is convenient for users to expand by themselves. In addition, the system startup controller adopts SinucomNC standard software, and the startup budding system adopts SimoComU standard software. 840Di's hardware and software are open, so that (绾表1) A number into the manufacturer's machine features CNC device K-set XENC shot low-speed line cutting machine Beijing two Chisamil common X, Y, U, V four Using DC servo motor direct-connected bead screw period, Z adopts stepper motor rental s coordinate positioning accuracy is 0.Olmnu complex positioning accuracy is 0. 003 maximum processing speed is 170mm2/min defeat control system adopts industrial PC, 10G hard Gold, 1.44MB soft 笙, control number is 5 (simultaneous control 4tt) FW23I defeat control EDM fast tt line cutting machine tool Beijing brothers Xia Mier can use 0.12 - 0.2mm molybdenum wire. The average processing twist is 30mmVminRa2.5 (70127), the highest processing speed for the workpiece is 120mm3/min, Ra knows that the 200m long electrode blanket can be processed to make the industrial PC, 2GB hard gold, 1.44MB soft 8, and the control side is 4 Sleeve linkage, using G and M code to generate straight line - ç‚» - slash line 4 1 processing program Table 2 Siemens company introduced in China some of the numerical control system function comparison loss control system measurement road number feed axis / spindle turbulent system pit step Motor 61IA into stepper motor linear interpolation axis channel number PLC programming Chinese environment gantry synchronization axis DNC function part program RAM area handheld unit plasma single 戛 plasma color M sputum 3.5 inch soft e-shaped chess chess screen protection without automatic number Yuhua Function remote diagnosis polar coordinate performance diameter economy 31 economy ç‚» economy 31 mid-range 31 mid-range a mid-range 3S high-grade sorghum for machine tool class 3B car milling machine milling é“¢ 馕 馕 馕 馕 milling and grinding is quite flexible and scalable. run. At CCMT2002 held in Shanghai, Siemens has significantly shortened the machining time to China's 840D CNC system. The Sinumerik 810DPowerline features a new NC processor and an improved drive control system that is now available for up to 6 axes. The Sinumerik 840DPowerline also enhances NC performance and integrates a new PLC-CPU. Currently, users can choose from 10, 12 or 15 inch displays. Robust and maintenance-free system components, as well as PC and OP, are suitable for a wide range of operating conditions in the relevant industry. Through the built-in Ethernet interface, users can network and adopt HMI software, which ensures the data processing is safe and fast. The Sinumerik 802C and manual machine version software is suitable for general lathe applications. The user can see the exact display of the spindle speed and feed settings, as well as a constant cutting speed to ensure the quality of the turning. In the process of processing, the user also saves a lot of mechanical adjustment means, such as setting the stroke speed or replacing the gear file, thereby improving the production efficiency. At the time, Siemens also introduced the ManualTurn technology for small-volume production. On some automated lathes, the Sinumerik 810D and ManualTurn were configured, and the button mode was selected at the push of a button. Users can easily perform automatic surface machining such as longitudinal, radial or conical turning on workpieces and handwheels using ordinary lathes. The teaching function of the system can save all the steps when the user manually processes the first workpiece. When the other workpieces are processed later, the automatic machining can be performed. Table 3 China's Taiwan Province Youjiagong sentence for its machine tool product selection of the numerical control device of the state of the machine tool category control side program program storage standard spindle speed and motor power optional work tt applicable range standard 1231 CNC machine tool Siemens 802DE spindle speed is 10000r /mia, the main sleeve is oil-cooled, a part processing or oil-air cooling device, and can be processed by Siemens 810DE advanced 9 CNC machine tools for the aviation industry, chess sets, such as high-speed separation of fine skin processing Mitsubishi 64-sleeve oil-cooled oil and gas Cooling device, chip Siemens 810DE input device and other advanced 9 CNC machine tools Spain Fagor Automation company to push the user's system is mainly CNC system. 8070 is the company's most high-end product, can control 16 axis + 3 electronic hand wheel + 2 spindle; can run VisualBasic, Visual C + +; block processing time For a detailed introduction to Fagor's 8040 CNC system, please read the special draft written by General Manager Chen Xiaoguang of Beijing Fage Automation Equipment Co., Ltd. Table 3 shows the selection of the CNC machine tool product configuration system for Taiwan's Taiwan Province, which is available to readers. Program P999995 contains the text content of all screens. Program P999994 contains help content for all screens. Therefore, configuration file P999004 is associated with subroutine 9004 and screen 004. The OEM text file includes the following: These OEM text files can be expressed in nine languages ​​including English, but so far they cannot be expressed in Chinese. <Equipment Machinery> 1 (Continued from page 44, generate OEM screen page. Screens 001~200 can be used to create new screen pages. The new screen pages can be used for diagnosis, change of children, settings, adjustments, device control, OEM canned cycles, etc. ~200 is associated with the following factors: (Finish)
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