Landing operation quality inspection method
The range of A 1 is suitable for the quality inspection of the plough flat plow operation (with a twister).
A 2 detection tool
Lm wooden ruler, 50cm steel ruler, 20m tape measure, 2m tape measure.
A 3 detection method
A3.1 Depth of cultivation
a) Check in operation. In the plot, take 10 points randomly along different diagonals in different cultivating sections. Measure 3 heights of the trench walls at each point. Subtract 1 to 2 cm as the actual depth and average them.
b) Check after work. Five points were taken along the diagonal direction within the plot, and each plot measured three plowing depths in the vertical direction. The method is to lay a wooden ruler on the ploughed ground as a measurement standard. Insert the plow bottom layer in the soil with a steel ruler, measure the depth, and calculate the average value. In the absence of rain, 10% is subtracted. Rainfall above rainfall minus 20% is actual tillage depth.
A3.2 consistency of tillage depth
a) Check after the completion of all land parcels.
b) 3 hectares of land below 20hm2 (ha), 4 to 5 points above 20hm2, 5 plowing depths in each direction along the tillage direction.
c) Calculate the percentage of inconsistent tillage (referred to as data less than the planned tillage depth). When the depth of tillage is not ≤ 5%, it is qualified.
A3.3 Turning and Coverage Inspection:
Randomly check the two trips during or after the operation to measure the area immediately after the trip. Calculate the percentage according to the formula:
F=×100%
In the formula: F a legislature, return rate,%;
S a legislature, back to the area, m2;
A measuring point area, m2.
Coverage inspection: visual assessment, weeds with >90% weeds are eligible.
A3.4 Ground level is randomly selected 3 points in the plot, along the vertical direction of the cultivated land in the ground 10m wide, out of the ground and the ground parallel straight line as a measurement benchmark, measuring baseline every lm wide to the ground For the vertical distance, find the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​in the measured data.
A2.5 Opening and closing ridges
a) Take 3 points for every 20hm2 area, and then point from the side of the plot to another 50m distance.
b) For ridge test, place a straight ruler in the vertical direction of the ridge as a measurement reference, measure its width and depth, and average it.
c) Closed ridge inspection, cut open and closed ridge profile, place the ruler on the ground as the measurement benchmark, measure the height of the closed ridge, and calculate the average value.
Deep loose work quality inspection method
The scope of B 1 applies to the quality inspection of comprehensive deep-seated operations.
B 2 testing tools
1m wooden ruler, 50cm steel ruler.
B 3 detection method
B.3.1. Deeply loosely collect 3 to 5 points along the diagonal line within the block, and measure 3 deep-separated grooves at each point. The method is to cut the plough layer and use the natural ground as the benchmark, measure the depth of the ploughing and the width of the ditch, and obtain the average value. And calculate the depth error value based on the planned depth in the measured value.
B3.2 Row spacing Randomly pick 2 to 3 points in the plot, and measure 2 cultivating points at each point. There are ridge blocks or ridges and deep ridges or ridges to loosely measure the distance between the ridges and ridges. Fully measure the depth of each deep loose groove distance.
B3.3 Depth-separated trench depth measurements are measured by measuring the width of the upper and lower part of the deep trench.
B.3.4 Stratification The combined operation measures the depth of the first layer of loose soil and the depth of the second layer of loose soil.
Test method for the quality of land, earthworm, and rotary tillage
The scope of C 1 is applicable to the inspection of the quality of work for hoeing, rotary ploughing and hoeing.
C 2 testing tool
2 m tape measure, 1 m wooden ruler.
C 3 detection method
C3.1 Depth of cultivation
a) Take points, randomly take 3 to 5 points along the diagonal line in the plot.
b) Check during operation. The crew stopped at the measuring point, measured the distance from the ground to the center of the cymbal, and calculated the depth. Depth = distance from the surface of the blade to the center of the blade (cm). Rotary tillage operation to check the depth of penetration of rotary knife.
c) Check after work. Take O.5m2 (50×100cm) at each point, remove the soil from the plough layer, and use the ground as the reference. Measure the depth of the measurement.
C3.2 Degree of soil crushing Take 3 points along the diagonal line within the block, measure 1m2 at each point, remove the soil blocks in the top layer of the plough layer, and measure the maximum size of the larger block.
C3.3 Ground leveling shall be performed in accordance with Appendix A3.4 of this standard.
C3.4 Take lm2 for each point and select the longer one to measure and calculate.
Rilling operation quality inspection method
The range of D 1 is applicable to the testing of the penetration of sloping ridges and deep slashing ridges.
D 2 detection tool
2 m tape measure, 100m measuring rope, 50cm steel ruler, 20m tape measure.
D 3 detection method
D3.1 Ridge straightness randomly select 3 to 5 points in the plot, measure a ridge length of 100m at each point, straighten the measuring rope at the center of the ridge table as a measurement reference, and measure the distance from the center of the ridge to the reference line every 20m. Calculate the average error.
D3.2 Pitch error
a) Randomly take 3 to 5 points in the plot and measure the distance between each ridge in each of the 2 cultivators;
b) Insert marks on the center of each ridge to measure the distance between ridges;
c) Find the difference between each ridge distance and the standard ridge distance.
That is: yawning error = measured ridge distance (cm) - standard ridge distance (cm)
d) Combine ridge error. The distance from the center of the ridge to the center of the ridge table is divided by 2, which is the actual size of the ridge, and the error of the combined ridge distance is calculated as compared with the standard ridge distance.
D3.3 The ridge body is unanimously combined with the D3.2 mining point of this item. Take the adjacent 5 ridges and straighten the tape measure along the ridge table surface as the measurement basis. From the baseline down to the bottom of the furrow, it is the ridge height. value.
Suppression operation quality inspection method
The scope of E 1 applies to the quality inspection of flattened repression and ridge suppression operations before sowing.
E 2 detection method
E2.1 Soil Compactness Randomly take 3 points in the pressed land, and take soil samples 7 to 10 cm above the ground at each point to measure the soil bulk density.
E2.2 No heavy pressure leak pressure check. Randomly take 3 to 5 points in the plot to measure the width of the adjacent heavy pressure.
Leakage pressure check. Visual inspection method, according to the actual discovery of the area of ​​the leak pressure for the amount of helium. If it is cracked after sowing, it is found that there is a leakage pressure that is unqualified.
Seeding deep fertilization operation quality inspection method
The F 1 range is suitable for job quality inspection of precision sowing, hole sowing (cluster sowing), and drilling and deep fertilization.
F 2 detection tool
100m measuring rope, 50cm steel ruler, 20m tape measure, 2m tape measure, spring scale, calculator.
F 3 detection method
F3.1 sowing straightness randomly selected 2 points in the plot, each point along the broadcast line measuring 100m long, from the center of both ends of the ridge table to straighten the measuring rope, as a measurement benchmark, every 20m distance measurement reference to the ridge center From the distance, calculate the average straightness error.
F3.2 Spacing error Randomly select two broadcast amplitudes within the plot to find the centerline of each row. Measure the distance between each ridge with the center of the seedling belt as the benchmark, and find the row error and combined row error.
F3.3 Accuracy
a) Quantitative addition of fertilizer plus fertilizer checkup method.
The amount of seeding field correction. First add seed not less than 1/4 of the volume in the seed box, and scrape the surface to make marks at the seed and seed box contact points. The following formula is used to calculate the sowing rate when the seeder works in the field one way or one round trip. Calculated as follows:
q=
Where: q one-way or shuttle broadcast, kg;
Q one hectare sowing volume, kg/hm2;
B-work width, m;
L One-way distance, m.
Then the calculated seed sowing volume is added into the seed box and leveled. After one single pass or one reciprocal test is finished, whether the surface of the seed is in line with the mark made in the box is observed. If the mark is lower or higher than the mark, it shall be renewed. Test as described above until it is satisfactory.
After the sowing amount is corrected, the sowing amount adjustment rod is fixed, and the length of a working surface of the seed wheel is measured. As a standard, the length of the working surface of the standard seed wheel is periodically checked in the work.
b) Seed particle verification method. Randomly sample 3 to 5 points at a time and check two lines at each point. Wheat is 1 m long, soybean is 2 m long, and corn is 3 m long.
Accuracy of broadcast check measurement calculation method.
Rice grain number method. In the operation, the opener and the earth ring are lifted or the seed tube is pulled out from the opener so that the seeds directly fall on the ground. Check the number of seeds per meter length, compared with the plan. Each random check 3 to 5 points, according to the formula:
C= b
In the formula: C plan rice grain number;
Q Planned sowing volume, kg/hm2;
m row distance, cm;
G thousand grains, g;
b-Clarity, %.
c) Parcel verification. After broadcasting a plot of land (a plot), the actual broadcast error is calculated based on the actual planting amount of fertilizer.
P=
In the formula. P sowing (fertilizer) error,%;
Q-planned sowing (fertilizer) amount, kg/hm2;
Q1 The actual amount of sowing (fertilizer), kg/hm2.
F3.4 sowing depth Take 3 to 5 points along the diagonal of the plot, 1m long for each point, scrape off the soil to expose the seed (fertilizer), measure the species (fertilizer) to the reference distance from the surface, and calculate the average depth And broadcast error in each line.
F3.5 broken bar
a) 3 points are taken diagonally within the plot; drilled wheat, soybean, sorghum, millet, and corn are taken in two rows of 50m long.
b) Measure the spacing of the plants, which are more than 10cm, 20cm, 15cm, 8cm, and 15cm, respectively.
Plastic film covering operation quality inspection method
The scope of G 1 is applicable to the quality inspection of film covering operations before and after sowing.
G 2 detection tool
50m rope, 50cm steel ruler, 2m tape.
G 3 detection method
G3.1 width of the lighting surface
a) Within 2 trips, randomly take 10 points per trip, a total of 20 points, measure the actual width of the lighting surface.
b) Calculation method. The percentage of the measured 20 points of the width of the lighting surface ≥ the plan requirement is compared with the total measurement point, and the percentage is calculated.
G3.2 The degree of mechanical damage to the lighting surface
a) The sampling point: Measure the average width of the lighting surface in a 30m long working surface, and measure the length of the broken mouth of the mechanically damaged part on a working surface.
b) Calculate the length of the broken port in the mechanically damaged part of the unit. The formula is as follows:
In the formula: E-face mechanical damage degree, cm/m2;
b The average width of the lighting surface in the survey area, m;
L The sum of the length of the mechanical breakage zone in the survey area, cm.
G3.3 Measure the width and thickness of the earth covering of the membrane in combination with the mining spot. Measure the thickness of the overburden and the width of the overburden on the sides of the membrane on both sides of each coating line.
Tillage quality inspection method
The H 1 range is suitable for quality inspection of weeding, weeding and earthing operations.
H 2 detection tool
1 m wooden ruler, 50cm steel ruler, 20m tape measure.
H 3 detection method
H3.1 Plow depth and soil height
a) Within the plot, randomly select 2 points, and mark 1.3.5 furrows and ridges before cultivating.
b) Place a wooden ruler on two ridges adjacent to the ditch to be measured, measure the datum with the plane below it, and measure the distance h1 to the ditch with a steel ruler.
c) After the operation, the plough bottom soil is cut open at the original mark to reveal the bottom layer of the plough, the distance h2 to the plough bottom layer is measured by the b method, and the plough depth h (h=h 2 to h 1) and the ridge depth are calculated. The error.
d) Combine the depth of the test and measure the area where the soil is applied to the crop.
H3.2 Slough thickness
a) Picking points in combination with inspections of tillage depth.
b) Cover the ditch and soil with clay and insert it into the ditch with a steel ruler. Measure the soil enjoyment, which is the thickness of the sledge.
H3.3 Injury rate
a) Randomly select 2 points within the work plot, taking 3 ridges per point. 20m long corn, soybean, sorghum 10m long, millet 3m long. And mark the ends of the measurement.
b) Check the number of crops at the point and record it.
c) After the operation, check the number of wounded seedlings at the measuring point and determine the injury rate.