From 1st of this year onwards, with the approval of the State Council, the Tariff Commission of the State Council has adjusted the provisional tax rates for some of China's imports and exports of commodities. The export tax rates for rare earth metals and manganese, nickel, copper, aluminum and other metals and some compounds have been raised by 10%. %about. This shows that China will begin to implement the policy of restricting the export of high-energy-consumption resource products. This policy trend has caused the attention of the domestic potash industry with similar conditions. Recently, China Potash Industry Branch of China Inorganic Salt Industry Association and Shanghai Potash Engineering Research Center convened the major companies in the industry to convene the first China Potash Industry Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction Technical Seminar to understand the new national energy conservation policies and guidelines. New ideas, learning and exchange of energy-saving technologies and experiences, seeking to break the predicament of high energy consumption in the production of potassium salts, promoting the promotion and application of new energy-saving technologies, and achieving a healthy and sustainable development of China's potash industry.
The growth of production capacity
China is a country with a shortage of potash resources, and there is almost no available solid potassium salt resources, while liquid salt lake resources are less than 5% of the world's potash resources. Potassium salts, such as potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, are also major agricultural potash fertilizer products. However, many farmland in China suffer from severe shortage of potassium. Increasing potash fertilizer supply is an important task in solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. For a long time, the country has vigorously supported the development of domestic potash fertilizer production enterprises, especially the implementation of the strategy of large-scale western development in recent years. These measures have effectively promoted the improvement of China's potash production capacity. At present, China's potash industry as a whole has formed an independent and relatively complete industrial system. Its production capacity, output, and output value have ranked among the largest in the world. Products not only meet the needs of domestic industrial and agricultural development, but also have a considerable amount of exports.
China's potassium salt deep processing products have reached 186 kinds of varieties, and more than 400 production enterprises, of which the main varieties such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium hydroxide and potassium permanganate have formed a considerable scale. However, these products are high energy or resource products. Therefore, at the same time as the production capacity is growing rapidly, the cost of resources and energy we are paying is also increasing.
Water, electricity and fuel account for a large proportion of the production cost of potash products. If one ton of potassium chloride is produced with the halogen method and 5-8 tons of coal is used, the energy consumed for producing one ton of potassium hydroxide is 2200 kWh, and the steam consumed for producing one ton of potassium nitrate is 5.5 tons. 200 tons of water. And most potash products require lower grade potassium salts as raw materials, such as 1.35 tons of potassium chloride per ton of potassium hydroxide, and 0.8 to 1 tons of potassium chloride for the production of one ton of potassium nitrate. If you count the energy consumption of potassium chloride production, the energy consumption of the product is higher. Now, due to rising energy prices, many potash companies have become overwhelmed, and some companies have even stopped production. The pressure of energy, resource shortages and rising prices of both have become the bottlenecks that restrict the development of the industry.
Export volume increased
Since the 1990s, Western European countries and Japan have not basically built or expanded inorganic salt industrial projects because of resource constraints, energy conditions, and environmental capacity constraints. The production capacity of some products has also shrunk, such as yellow phosphorus and thermal phosphoric acid. , sodium tripolyphosphate, chromium salts, insurance powder, potassium permanganate and so on. The United States has also gradually withdrawn from the ranks of major exporters of inorganic salts. It can be said that the production and international trade of ordinary inorganic salt industrial products are in such a situation that developed countries are not willing to do it and underdeveloped countries cannot do it. This has facilitated the entry of Chinese products into the two major markets of developed and underdeveloped countries. In recent years, observing the import and export data and trends of inorganic salts, we can see that 60% of China's exports of inorganic salt products are sold to third-world countries, 15% to the European Union, 10% to Japan, and 10% to the United States and South Korea. Due to the large number of manufacturing enterprises in the inorganic salt industry and the scattered industrial layout, there is an unordered competition phenomenon, which gives foreign importers an opportunity.
The same is true of the potash industry. Relevant experts have noticed that foreign importers often use the weaknesses of domestic companies to break through each, and at the same time contact more than a dozen or even dozens of companies in the country, provoking domestic companies to compete for price cuts, so that domestic enterprises appear to varying degrees, and export volumes increase. The phenomenon of falling foreign exchange earnings. Zhang Xiaozhong, vice president of the China Inorganic Salt Industry Association, pointed out that there are currently three major problems in the domestic potash industry: First, repeated construction and blind development are serious. Except for potassium chloride, the majority of products in the industry have excess capacity to varying degrees. Insufficient production capacity is idle; Second, the degree of industrial concentration is not high, there are few large enterprises, there are many small and medium-sized enterprises, there is a prominent industrial structure conflict, the level of enterprise technology and equipment is low, and the capacity for scientific research and development is weak; Third, the level of industry self-regulation is low, and market coordination is in conflict. Obviously, there is disorderly competition in exports. These problems led to the irrational allocation of domestic inorganic salt resources, serious waste of resources and energy. Solving these problems is the key to the efforts of the inorganic salt industry to catch energy and reduce consumption.
Several industry experts stated that China's potash industry can no longer take the old road of disorderly export of tungsten and rare earth resources, and cannot pursue excessive export of resource products at the expense of the long-term interests of the country and the industry. At present, the State Customs has adjusted the provisional tax rates for the import and export of certain domestic commodities. The export tax rates for rare earth metals and manganese, nickel, copper, aluminum and other metals and some compounds have been adjusted upwards by about 10%. This indicates that China will start implementing restrictions on high energy. Consumption of resources exports policy. For the potash industry, it is imperative to combat pollution and disperse the problem. We must do a good job of macro management of the industry, coordinate the import and export of potash trade, and self-discipline in the industry, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and the overall interests of the industry, and achieve stability in the potash industry. Healthy and sustainable development.
Must take the road of circular economy
At present, most of the production models of potash companies in China are still in the phase of resource-product-pollution-discharge-linear economy, characterized by high mining, low utilization, and high emission. Under this economic model, the level of comprehensive development and utilization of resources is relatively low, and the recovery rate of mining ore and associated ore, symbiotic ore, and tailings are not highly utilized, and various useful components such as lithium, magnesium and boron have not been effectively utilized; The level of joint development of various resources is low, the degree of industrial linkage is not high, the industrial chain is short, and the deep processing capability is not strong; the by-products and wastes under development have not been effectively used, which has not only damaged the environment, but also caused the waste of resources; The consumption of resources, energy, and water in the process is relatively high, and the capacity for ensuring resources is insufficient.
Experts pointed out that potassium salt production is basically a resource processing industry. Increasing the depth of resource utilization is the direction of energy conservation and consumption reduction in the industry. The development of the industry must follow the road of circular economy. This economic model requires that all materials and energy be used reasonably and lastingly in the ongoing economic cycle and reduce the impact of economic activities on the natural environment to the smallest possible extent. Improve the comprehensive utilization level of resource development, optimize resource allocation, and achieve effective, comprehensive, and sustainable use of mineral resources.
How the potassium salt industry develops a circular economy, experts believe that the first stage should be to extend the product chain, broaden the range of varieties, increase the coupling degree between varieties, and change the use of single components for multi-component comprehensive utilization. Multi-product production. In the second stage, the company's production chain should be composed of a cyclical process of “resources, products, and renewable resources.†It is characterized by low mining, high utilization, and low emission. In this way, intensive production can be achieved, the added value of resources is increased, pollutant emissions are reduced, and energy consumption of general ledger products is also reduced.
It is understood that Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Co., Ltd., the largest domestic producer of potash and potash fertilizers, began construction of a comprehensive utilization project of 1 million tons of potassium chloride products in 2005, which is tailored to achieve the purpose of recycling economy. . The project includes an annual output of 300,000 tons of polyvinyl chloride, 330,000 tons of urea, 72,000 tons of potassium carbonate, 60,000 tons of potassium hydroxide, 100,000 tons of anhydrous magnesium chloride, 25,000 tons of magnesium metal, 100,000 tons of sodium hydroxide, Supporting 9 million tons of methanol and other 9 comprehensive utilization projects with a total investment of 7 billion yuan. This series of projects marks that the Salt Lake Group has begun to develop its downstream products from a single product of potassium chloride to high value-added products such as potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, polyvinyl chloride, urea, and other natural gas and salt lake chemicals. The entire project uses petroleum, natural gas and salt lake inorganic salt as raw materials, replaces chlorine by potassium chloride to produce potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate products, and then uses natural gas pyrolysis technology in acetylene plants to balance chlorine gas to produce PVC products. The resulting by-product tail gas produces synthetic ammonia, which is further converted into urea products, thus forming a complete recycling chemical chain. The characteristic of this industrial chain is to rely on the interlocking of product chains, orderly transfer various resources that had to be discharged in the past to the next production link, and then use them comprehensively to realize the efficient use of resources and energy. use.
According to statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, China’s economic growth was 10.7%, while the growth rate of coal and electricity production was 11.7% and 12.9%, respectively, and the country’s energy conservation situation remains grim. In response to this, the recently held Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that next year we must take energy conservation resources and protect the ecological environment as the starting point, actively promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and eliminate backward production capacity. At present, the potash industry seeks to crack down on the bottleneck of high energy consumption.
The growth of production capacity
China is a country with a shortage of potash resources, and there is almost no available solid potassium salt resources, while liquid salt lake resources are less than 5% of the world's potash resources. Potassium salts, such as potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, are also major agricultural potash fertilizer products. However, many farmland in China suffer from severe shortage of potassium. Increasing potash fertilizer supply is an important task in solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. For a long time, the country has vigorously supported the development of domestic potash fertilizer production enterprises, especially the implementation of the strategy of large-scale western development in recent years. These measures have effectively promoted the improvement of China's potash production capacity. At present, China's potash industry as a whole has formed an independent and relatively complete industrial system. Its production capacity, output, and output value have ranked among the largest in the world. Products not only meet the needs of domestic industrial and agricultural development, but also have a considerable amount of exports.
China's potassium salt deep processing products have reached 186 kinds of varieties, and more than 400 production enterprises, of which the main varieties such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium hydroxide and potassium permanganate have formed a considerable scale. However, these products are high energy or resource products. Therefore, at the same time as the production capacity is growing rapidly, the cost of resources and energy we are paying is also increasing.
Water, electricity and fuel account for a large proportion of the production cost of potash products. If one ton of potassium chloride is produced with the halogen method and 5-8 tons of coal is used, the energy consumed for producing one ton of potassium hydroxide is 2200 kWh, and the steam consumed for producing one ton of potassium nitrate is 5.5 tons. 200 tons of water. And most potash products require lower grade potassium salts as raw materials, such as 1.35 tons of potassium chloride per ton of potassium hydroxide, and 0.8 to 1 tons of potassium chloride for the production of one ton of potassium nitrate. If you count the energy consumption of potassium chloride production, the energy consumption of the product is higher. Now, due to rising energy prices, many potash companies have become overwhelmed, and some companies have even stopped production. The pressure of energy, resource shortages and rising prices of both have become the bottlenecks that restrict the development of the industry.
Export volume increased
Since the 1990s, Western European countries and Japan have not basically built or expanded inorganic salt industrial projects because of resource constraints, energy conditions, and environmental capacity constraints. The production capacity of some products has also shrunk, such as yellow phosphorus and thermal phosphoric acid. , sodium tripolyphosphate, chromium salts, insurance powder, potassium permanganate and so on. The United States has also gradually withdrawn from the ranks of major exporters of inorganic salts. It can be said that the production and international trade of ordinary inorganic salt industrial products are in such a situation that developed countries are not willing to do it and underdeveloped countries cannot do it. This has facilitated the entry of Chinese products into the two major markets of developed and underdeveloped countries. In recent years, observing the import and export data and trends of inorganic salts, we can see that 60% of China's exports of inorganic salt products are sold to third-world countries, 15% to the European Union, 10% to Japan, and 10% to the United States and South Korea. Due to the large number of manufacturing enterprises in the inorganic salt industry and the scattered industrial layout, there is an unordered competition phenomenon, which gives foreign importers an opportunity.
The same is true of the potash industry. Relevant experts have noticed that foreign importers often use the weaknesses of domestic companies to break through each, and at the same time contact more than a dozen or even dozens of companies in the country, provoking domestic companies to compete for price cuts, so that domestic enterprises appear to varying degrees, and export volumes increase. The phenomenon of falling foreign exchange earnings. Zhang Xiaozhong, vice president of the China Inorganic Salt Industry Association, pointed out that there are currently three major problems in the domestic potash industry: First, repeated construction and blind development are serious. Except for potassium chloride, the majority of products in the industry have excess capacity to varying degrees. Insufficient production capacity is idle; Second, the degree of industrial concentration is not high, there are few large enterprises, there are many small and medium-sized enterprises, there is a prominent industrial structure conflict, the level of enterprise technology and equipment is low, and the capacity for scientific research and development is weak; Third, the level of industry self-regulation is low, and market coordination is in conflict. Obviously, there is disorderly competition in exports. These problems led to the irrational allocation of domestic inorganic salt resources, serious waste of resources and energy. Solving these problems is the key to the efforts of the inorganic salt industry to catch energy and reduce consumption.
Several industry experts stated that China's potash industry can no longer take the old road of disorderly export of tungsten and rare earth resources, and cannot pursue excessive export of resource products at the expense of the long-term interests of the country and the industry. At present, the State Customs has adjusted the provisional tax rates for the import and export of certain domestic commodities. The export tax rates for rare earth metals and manganese, nickel, copper, aluminum and other metals and some compounds have been adjusted upwards by about 10%. This indicates that China will start implementing restrictions on high energy. Consumption of resources exports policy. For the potash industry, it is imperative to combat pollution and disperse the problem. We must do a good job of macro management of the industry, coordinate the import and export of potash trade, and self-discipline in the industry, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and the overall interests of the industry, and achieve stability in the potash industry. Healthy and sustainable development.
Must take the road of circular economy
At present, most of the production models of potash companies in China are still in the phase of resource-product-pollution-discharge-linear economy, characterized by high mining, low utilization, and high emission. Under this economic model, the level of comprehensive development and utilization of resources is relatively low, and the recovery rate of mining ore and associated ore, symbiotic ore, and tailings are not highly utilized, and various useful components such as lithium, magnesium and boron have not been effectively utilized; The level of joint development of various resources is low, the degree of industrial linkage is not high, the industrial chain is short, and the deep processing capability is not strong; the by-products and wastes under development have not been effectively used, which has not only damaged the environment, but also caused the waste of resources; The consumption of resources, energy, and water in the process is relatively high, and the capacity for ensuring resources is insufficient.
Experts pointed out that potassium salt production is basically a resource processing industry. Increasing the depth of resource utilization is the direction of energy conservation and consumption reduction in the industry. The development of the industry must follow the road of circular economy. This economic model requires that all materials and energy be used reasonably and lastingly in the ongoing economic cycle and reduce the impact of economic activities on the natural environment to the smallest possible extent. Improve the comprehensive utilization level of resource development, optimize resource allocation, and achieve effective, comprehensive, and sustainable use of mineral resources.
How the potassium salt industry develops a circular economy, experts believe that the first stage should be to extend the product chain, broaden the range of varieties, increase the coupling degree between varieties, and change the use of single components for multi-component comprehensive utilization. Multi-product production. In the second stage, the company's production chain should be composed of a cyclical process of “resources, products, and renewable resources.†It is characterized by low mining, high utilization, and low emission. In this way, intensive production can be achieved, the added value of resources is increased, pollutant emissions are reduced, and energy consumption of general ledger products is also reduced.
It is understood that Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Co., Ltd., the largest domestic producer of potash and potash fertilizers, began construction of a comprehensive utilization project of 1 million tons of potassium chloride products in 2005, which is tailored to achieve the purpose of recycling economy. . The project includes an annual output of 300,000 tons of polyvinyl chloride, 330,000 tons of urea, 72,000 tons of potassium carbonate, 60,000 tons of potassium hydroxide, 100,000 tons of anhydrous magnesium chloride, 25,000 tons of magnesium metal, 100,000 tons of sodium hydroxide, Supporting 9 million tons of methanol and other 9 comprehensive utilization projects with a total investment of 7 billion yuan. This series of projects marks that the Salt Lake Group has begun to develop its downstream products from a single product of potassium chloride to high value-added products such as potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, polyvinyl chloride, urea, and other natural gas and salt lake chemicals. The entire project uses petroleum, natural gas and salt lake inorganic salt as raw materials, replaces chlorine by potassium chloride to produce potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate products, and then uses natural gas pyrolysis technology in acetylene plants to balance chlorine gas to produce PVC products. The resulting by-product tail gas produces synthetic ammonia, which is further converted into urea products, thus forming a complete recycling chemical chain. The characteristic of this industrial chain is to rely on the interlocking of product chains, orderly transfer various resources that had to be discharged in the past to the next production link, and then use them comprehensively to realize the efficient use of resources and energy. use.
According to statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, China’s economic growth was 10.7%, while the growth rate of coal and electricity production was 11.7% and 12.9%, respectively, and the country’s energy conservation situation remains grim. In response to this, the recently held Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that next year we must take energy conservation resources and protect the ecological environment as the starting point, actively promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and eliminate backward production capacity. At present, the potash industry seeks to crack down on the bottleneck of high energy consumption.
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