The multi-effect distiller is an advanced equipment for the preparation of water for injection in the world in the 1970s. It is made of 316 stainless steel (low carbon and acid resistant steel) and has the advantages of large output, high quality, low water consumption, and low heat consumption. China's 90-year Pharmacopoeia will eliminate re-distillers, while multi-effect distiller is the ideal replacement equipment. In order to increase the understanding of this equipment, the author will now introduce the use of TD ^ -500 type multi-effect distiller as follows.
First, the working principle of the multi-effect trapper (see attached drawing)
Multi-effect distiller is often used with electrodialyzers and ion exchangers. First, raw water (drinking water) is passed through an electrodialyzer to remove more than 90% of the charged ions in the water into primary pure water. The first-grade pure water passes through four times of ion exchange of Yangyin and Yangyin and becomes the feed water (secondary pure water) for multi-effect distiller. The figure shows the following: 8 feeds of water are passed through the feed water conduit 2 into the press control valve 6, the filter 7 on the water pump 5, and the rotameter into the cooler 9, and then enter the fourth effect preheater 10 in sequence. The three-effect preheater 11, the second effect preheater 12, the first effect preheater 1.3, and finally the distributor 14 of the first effect evaporator. The distributor evenly sprays the feed water onto the outer surface of the evaporator of the effector 27, where some of the feed water is evaporated as the next source of heat, and the unevaporated feed water is The two-effect water return pipe 19 enters the second effect distributor 15 . Based on this principle, the three-effect, four-effect, and five-effect flows are performed in sequence, and the concentrated water discharge pipe 23 is installed at the bottom of the five effects to discharge the unevaporated concentrated water. Due to the non-stop operation of the upper water pump 5, it is ensured that the various effect evaporation tubes are provided with sufficient feed water spray.
The steam enters the steam separator 25 through the steam inlet valve 24, and then enters an effect evaporator through the steam turbine 26, and the heat is transferred through an effect evaporator 27 to a feed water sprayed by an effect distributor 14 while cooling itself. . The cooling water is discharged to the boiler room via the other end of the single-effect evaporation tube 27, or is used as washing water. The second-stage steam generated by the first effect enters the secondary-effect evaporation tube 28 as a heat source through the secondary-effect return steam tube 32, and the secondary effect distributor is used. The sprayed material 15 evaporates, and the self-cooling is distilled water flowing into the distilled water collecting pipe 37 . The secondary steam generated by the second effect is introduced into the third-effect evaporation pipe 29 by the three-effect return steam pipe JJ, which is a three-effect heat source, and is continued until the fifth effect. The fifth-effect steam is cooled in the condenser 9 to distilled water, and the distilled water that is cooled by the second, third, fourth, and fifth-order evaporation tubes enters the distilled water collection tube 370. The feed water is warmed step by step with the preheater, and steam is added. It can be reused five times so that heat energy can be fully utilized.
Second, the thermodynamic changes of distilled water temperature from 0 °C heating, heating water per liter of water 1 °C need to heat 1 card. However, if the boiling water of 100°C per liter continues to be heated, the latent heat of 539.7 Leica must be absorbed to become 100°C steam. Let the temperature of the water at room temperature be 20 C. The thermodynamic relationship is shown in Table 1.
Turning room temperature water into steam requires heating 619.7 Leica (639.7-20), while steam cooling to distilled water requires 599.7 Leica (639.7-60). Now 93% of the heat energy will be released per liter of distilled water produced. The multi-effect distiller effectively overcomes the problem of thermal energy loss in accordance with changes in the thermodynamics of water.
Third, the multi-effect distiller has the advantages of 1. High water quality: multi-effect distilled water compared with double distilled water, in addition to all in line with the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" provisions, we also compare the resistance, enrichment 30 times after the pyrogen (Xuan reagent The test, sensitivity 0.5Eu/ml) was compared with the test (see Table 2) to prove that the multi-effect distilled water quality is higher than that of the redistilled distilled water.
2. Low water consumption: Turning 100°C steam to 600°C distilled water generally requires 14 times cooling water, ie (639.7^60)'C60-ZO)=14 to calculate that we need distilled water of 2 million ml per day in our hospital. Cooling water needs at least 20 tons. Multi-effect distiller does not need cooling water, because it is naturally cold and thick during heat exchange, which overcomes the shortcomings of current urban water supply.
3. Less energy consumption: As can be seen from the working principle of the multi-effect distiller, it can reuse five times of heat energy, so that the latent heat of the steam can be fully utilized. Therefore, the energy consumption of the multi-effect distiller is only that of the retort distiller. one fifth. Distilled water need to be calculated every day 2 million ml, can save energy to 920,000 Leica to _ 匕, that is <639.7 a 60) x 2000 x 80% = 927520 Leica.
4. Seasonal time: The output of the old retorts is mostly 20-30 million ml/h. Due to the increase of scale used all year round, the distilled water output is lower than the labeled amount, and the multi-effect distiller produces more than 500,000 ml of water. Above h, the machine reduced working hours and ensured the supply of fresh distilled water.
5. Stable performance: Multi-effect distiller is mostly made of stainless steel, there is no rotating parts in the structure, the mechanical properties are more solid, in the use of only strict control of the electrodialysis and ion exchanger water quality, the machine generally does not have wear problems. Low noise during work, continuous work.
Water for injection is one of the most used and sterilized raw materials for sterilization preparations (especially large infusions). The use of high-quality water for injection is the key to ensure the quality of preparations, especially in the current situation of energy and water shortages. The promotion of the use of multi-effect distiller has become an ideal device for reducing production costs.
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