Solenoid valves, as key actuators in automated metering systems, have experienced significant growth in recent years. This paper explores the core characteristics of solenoid valves and highlights the development status of domestic mature technologies. It focuses on their evolution toward streamlining, intelligence, generalization, and specialization, while also discussing the social factors influencing the advancement of electromagnetic valve technology.
Keywords: electromagnetic valve, intelligent generalization, multi-function, self-maintaining combination valve, main features of solenoid valve
(1) External leakage is prevented, internal leakage is easily controlled, ensuring safe operation.
Leakage, both internal and external, is a critical factor in system safety. Unlike other self-controlled valves that rely on extended valve stems and actuators (electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic), which often face challenges with dynamic seals, solenoid valves use electromagnetic force to move a magnetic core within a sealed sleeve, eliminating the need for dynamic seals and thus reducing external leakage risks. Electric valves are harder to control precisely, leading to potential internal leakage or even stem breakage. In contrast, solenoid valves allow for better control of internal leakage, often achieving near-zero levels. This makes them especially suitable for handling corrosive, toxic, or high-temperature media.
(2) The system is simple, easy to connect with computers, and cost-effective.
Solenoid valves are structurally simple, affordable, and easier to install and maintain compared to other actuators like control valves. What stands out is their compatibility with control systems, which are simpler and less expensive. Since they operate based on switching signals, integration with industrial computers is straightforward. With the increasing prevalence and affordability of computers, the advantages of solenoid valves have become even more pronounced.
(3) Fast response, low power consumption, and compact design.
Solenoid valves can respond in just a few milliseconds, and pilot valves can be controlled within tens of milliseconds. Their self-contained loop design makes them more sensitive than other types of automatic valves. Well-designed coils consume little power, making them energy-efficient. They can trigger actions and maintain valve positions without continuous power consumption. Additionally, their small size saves space and offers an aesthetically pleasing appearance.
(4) Limited adjustment accuracy and medium compatibility.
Solenoid valves typically only have two states—open and closed—and the valve core can only be in extreme positions, limiting their ability to provide continuous regulation. Although there are ongoing efforts to improve this, most innovations are still in the experimental phase. Moreover, solenoid valves require clean media, as particulates can cause blockages. Impurities must be filtered before use, and highly viscous media are generally unsuitable. The range of acceptable media for a specific product is often narrow.
(5) Diverse models and broad application range.
Despite inherent limitations, solenoid valves offer significant advantages, leading to a wide variety of designs that cater to different needs. Their versatility has made them widely used across industries. The ongoing development of solenoid valve technology focuses on overcoming these limitations while maximizing their strengths.
2.1 Development towards Simplification
Simplicity is the essence of long-term usability. Only by keeping things simple can a technology remain effective and adaptable over time.
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