Maize's extraordinary early sowing techniques involve several key practices, including early planting, strong seedling development, large ears, medium to high planting density, and continuous cropping. The core technology is the use of cold-tolerant, medium-maturing glutinous rice varieties for super-early seeding of both maize and rice. This method helps maximize growth periods and improve yield potential.
1. **Maize**
(1) **Extraordinary Early Sowing**: Maize is sown as early as mid-February, which is about 50 days earlier than the traditional sowing period in late March or early April. This allows the crop to take full advantage of the warmer spring conditions.
(2) **Shed Film Seedlings**: Seedlings are first grown under controlled conditions using plastic films. When they have 2 to 2.5 leaves, they are transplanted into open fields. Care is taken to avoid overheating by managing greenhouse film exposure.
(3) **Selection of Large-Ear Varieties**: Varieties like Yayu No. 2 and Nanyu No. 3 are preferred. These varieties produce large ears with big grains, high yields, good stress resistance, compact plant structure, and better cold tolerance during the seedling stage. They are ideal for early sowing.
(4) **Medium to High Planting Density**: Spring corn is planted at a 20% higher density compared to traditional methods, while autumn corn achieves a 10% faster growth rate than spring maize, making it more efficient in terms of land use.
2. **Rice**
(1) **Early Sowing and Vigorous Cultivation**: Rice seedlings are sown around mid-May or just after the early corn harvest. The seedlings are 40 to 50 days old when transplanted, ensuring strong establishment in the field.
(2) **Use of Hardy, Mid-Maturing Varieties**: In the Chuan Dong area, mid-maturing Japonica hybrid rice such as Gangyou Duoyou No. 1 and Gangyou No. 22 are used, along with Wuyujing No. 3. In the Chuan Xi region, Wuyujing No. 3 is recommended for its resilience and adaptability.
3. **Autumn Corn**
(1) **Transplanting in Mid-June**: Seedlings with 3 to 4 leaves are moved to the wide rows of spring corn, creating a symbiotic growth period of approximately 15 days. This ensures a smooth transition and better resource utilization.
(2) **Choosing Suitable Varieties**: Medium-maturing, semi-rigid, and disease-resistant varieties like Yayu No. 2 are selected to ensure good performance in the shorter growing season.
4. **Winter Wheat**
Winter wheat is sown in early November, using deep trench and high-ridge planting methods to improve drainage and root development. Varieties such as Mianyang 26 and Chuanongmai 1 are chosen for their high yield, disease resistance, and adaptability to local conditions.
These integrated techniques help farmers optimize production, manage risks, and achieve higher yields through strategic timing and variety selection. By combining early sowing, improved seedling care, and suitable crop varieties, this system supports sustainable and productive agriculture in the region.
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